More results on: 
Download PDF files on: 
Download Word files on: 
Images on: 
Video/Audio on: 
Download PowerPoint on: 
More results from.edu web: 
Best Viewed With GFS!Laryngitis
| Laryngitis | |
|---|---|
| Classification and external resources | |
 Endoscopic image of inflamed larynx caused by acid reflux. |
|
| ICD-10 | J04.0, J37.0 |
| ICD-9 | 464.0-464.4, 476.0-476.1 |
| DiseasesDB | 29347 |
| MedlinePlus | 001385 |
| eMedicine | ent/353 ent/354 |
| MeSH | D007827 |
Laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx. It causes hoarse voice or temporary complete loss of the voice because of irritation to the vocal folds (vocal cords). Dysphonia is the medical term for a vocal disorder, of which laryngitis is one cause.
Laryngitis is categorized as acute if it lasts less than three weeks. Otherwise it is categorized as chronic, and may last over three weeks. The chronic form occurs mostly in middle age and is much more common in men than women. It is mainly caused by excessive smoking.
Contents |
Causes
Laryngitis can be infectious as well as noninfectious in origin.
Noninfectious causes
- Acid reflux disease, resulting in laryngitis gastrica
- Allergies
- Excessive coughingcitation needed, smoking, or alcohol consumption
- Inflammation due to overuse of the vocal cords12345
- Prolonged use of inhaled corticosteroids for asthma treatment
- Thermal or chemical burns
- Laryngeal trauma, including iatrogenic one caused by endotracheal intubation
Infectious causes
- Viral infections can be caused by rhinovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, coxsackievirus, coronavirus, and RSV.
- Bacterial infections can be caused by group A streptococcus, C. diphtheriae, M. catarrhalis, andM. tuberculosis. Bacterial infections usually follow pre-existing viral infection.
- Fungal infections can be caused by Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Candida (especially in immunocompromised persons), and rarely by Cryptococcus and Coccidioides.
Symptoms
- Dysphonia (hoarseness) or aphonia (inability to speak)
- Dry, sore, burning throat
- Coughing, which can be a symptom of, as well as a factor in, causing laryngitis
- Dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing)
- Sensation of swelling in the area of the larynx
- Cold or flu-like symptoms (which, like a cough, may also be the causal factor for laryngitis)
- Swollen lymph nodes in the throat, chest, or face
- Fever
- Hemoptysis (coughing out blood)
- Dyspnea (difficulty in breathing), predominantly in children
- Increased production of saliva
Signs
In early stages, erythema (reddening) and edema of epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, arytenoids and ventricular folds occurs. In late stages, the vocal folds and subglottic structures are also involved. There are sticky secretions between cords and in interarytenoid region. Sometimes, submucous hemorrhage is seen, especially in case of vocal abuse. Acute membranous laryngitis, a condition resembling acute membranous tonsillitis, is caused by pyogenic nonspecific organisms. It has to be differentiated from laryngeal diphtheria. In some cases tightening of the chest may be present due to COPD or other relevant breathing disorder. If you are having difficulty taking in a breath, you may need an inhaler. See your physician.
Treatment
- General measures: Voice rest is important.6 Steam inhalations with tincture benzoin or oil of pine or eucalyptus help loosen secretions. Cough sedatives are given to reduce cough. For a severely inflamed larynx, a humidifier or vaporizer is used to moisten the air inhaled by person.
- If laryngitis is due to gastroesophageal reflux, an H2-inhibitor (such as ranitidine) or proton-pump inhibitor (such as omeprazole) is used to reduce gastric acid secretions.
- In laryngitis caused by thermal or chemical burns, steroids are used.
- In viral laryngitis, drinking sufficient fluids is helpful.
- If laryngitis is due to a bacterial or fungal infection, appropriate antibiotic or antifungal therapy is given.
- If persistent hoarseness or loss of voice (dysphonia) is a result of vocal cord nodules, physicians may recommend a course of treatment that may include a surgical procedure and/or speech therapy.
Prognosis
Most cases of laryngitis are viral and resolve without treatment with sufficient voice rest. Laryngitis, hoarseness, or breathiness that lasts for more than two weeks may signal a voice disorder and should be followed up with a voice pathologist. This is typically a vocology certified SLP (speech language pathologist) or a laryngologist (voice specialized ENT).
References
- ^ Titze IR, Lemke J, Montequin D (1997). "Populations in the U.S. workforce who rely on voice as a primary tool of trade: a preliminary report". J Voice 11 (3): 254–9. doi:10.1016/S0892-1997(97)80002-1. PMID 9297668.
- ^ Popolo PS, Svec JG, Titze IR (2005). "Adaptation of a Pocket PC for use as a wearable voice dosimeter". J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. 48 (4): 780–91. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2005/054). PMID 16378473.
- ^ Titze IR, Hunter EJ, Svec JG (2007). "Voicing and silence periods in daily and weekly vocalizations of teachers". J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121 (1): 469–78. doi:10.1121/1.2390676. PMID 17297801.
- ^ Nix J, Svec JG, Laukkanen AM, Titze IR (2007). "Protocol challenges for on-the-job voice dosimetry of teachers in the United States and Finland". J Voice 21 (4): 385–96. doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.03.005. PMID 16678386.
- ^ Carroll T, Nix J, Hunter E, Emerich K, Titze I, Abaza M (2006). "Objective measurement of vocal fatigue in classical singers: a vocal dosimetry pilot study". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 135 (4): 595–602. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2006.06.1268. PMID 17011424.
- ^ Laryngitis - Treatment NHS Choices
http://www.medicinenet.com/laryngitis/page5.htm http://www.emedicinehealth.com/laryngitis/page5_em.htm
External links
- Mayo Clinic
- VoiceInfo.org
- Singing Voice
- National Center for Voice and Speech's official website
- The Voice Academy's official website
- The Voice Foundation's official website
- University of Maryland Medical Center
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |  | |
