October 2

October 2 is the 275th day of the year (276th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 90 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 1187 – Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule.
• 1263 – The battle of Largs is fought between Norwegians and Scots.
• 1470 – A rebellion organised by Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick forces King Edward IV of England to flee to the Netherlands, restoring Henry VI to the throne.
• 1535 – Jacques Cartier discovers the area where Montreal, Quebec is located.
• 1552 – Conquest of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible.
• 1780 – John André, British Army officer of the American Revolutionary War, is hanged as a spy by American forces.
• 1789 – George Washington sends the proposed Constitutional amendments (The United States Bill of Rights) to the States for ratification.
• 1814 – Battle of Rancagua: Spanish Royalists troops under Mariano Osorio defeated rebel Chilean forces of Bernardo O'Higgins and Jose Miguel Carrera.
• 1835 – The Texas Revolution begins with the Battle of Gonzales: Mexican soldiers attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, Texas, but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Saltville – Union forces attack Saltville, Virginia, but are defeated by Confederate troops.
• 1889 – In Colorado, Nicholas Creede strikes it rich in silver during the last great silver boom of the American Old West.
• 1919 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson suffers a massive stroke, leaving him partially paralyzed.
• 1924 – The Geneva Protocol is adopted as a means to strengthen the League of Nations.
• 1925 – John Logie Baird performs the first test of a working television system.
• 1928 – The "Prelature of the Holy Cross and the Work of God", commonly known as Opus Dei, is founded by Saint Josemaría Escrivá.
• 1937 – Dominican Republic strongman Rafael Trujillo orders the execution of the Haitian population living within the borderlands; approximately 20,000 are killed over the next five days.
• 1941 – World War II: In Operation Typhoon, Germany begins an all-out offensive against Moscow.
• 1942 – World War II: Ocean Liner RMS Queen Mary accidentally rams and sinks her own escort ship, HMS Curaçao, off the coast of Ireland.
• 1944 – World War II: German troops end the Warsaw Uprising.
• 1950 – Peanuts by Charles M. Schulz is first published
• 1958 – Guinea declares its independence from France.
• 1959 – The anthology series The Twilight Zone premieres on CBS television.
• 1967 – Thurgood Marshall is sworn in as the first African-American justice of United States Supreme Court.
• 1968 – A peaceful student demonstration in Mexico City culminates in the Tlatelolco massacre.
• 1970 – A plane carrying the Wichita State University football team, administrators, and supporters crashes in Colorado killing 31 people.
• 1980 – Michael Myers becomes the first member of either chamber of Congress to be expelled since the Civil War
• 1990 – Xiamen Airlines Flight 8301 is hijacked and lands at Guangzhou, where it crashes into two other airliners on the ground, killing 128.
• 1992 – The Carandiru Massacre takes place after a riot in the Carandiru Penitentiary in São Paulo, Brazil.
• 1996 – The Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments are signed by U.S. President Bill Clinton.
• 1996 – Aeroperú Flight 603, a Boeing 757, crashes into the Pacific Ocean shortly after takeoff from Lima, Peru, killing 70.
• 2001 – NATO backs U.S. military strikes following 9/11.
• 2002 – The Beltway sniper attacks begin, extending over three weeks.
• 2005 – Ethan Allen Boating Accident: The Ethan Allen tour boat capsizes on Lake George in Upstate New York, killing twenty people.
• 2006 – Five school girls are murdered by Charles Carl Roberts in a shooting at an Amish school in Nickel Mines, Pennsylvania before Roberts commits suicide.
• 2007 – President Roh Moo-hyun of South Korea walks across the Military Demarcation Line into North Korea on his way to the second Inter-Korean Summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong Il.

Births

• 1452 – Richard III of England (d. 1485)
• 1470 – Isabella of Naples (d. 1524)
• 1538 – Charles Borromeo, Italian archbishop and saint (d. 1584)
• 1644 – François-Timoléon de Choisy, French author (d. 1724)
• 1704 – František Tůma, Czech composer (d. 1774)
• 1722 – Leopold Widhalm, Austrian violin maker (d. 1776)
• 1737 – Francis Hopkinson, American author and politician, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (d. 1791)
• 1768 – William Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford, English general and politician (d. 1854)
• 1798 – Charles Albert of Sardinia (d. 1849)
• 1800 – Nat Turner, American slave who led a slave rebellion (d. 1831)
• 1828 – Charles Floquet, French politician, 55th Prime Minister of France (d. 1896)
• 1832 – Edward Burnett Tylor, English anthropologist (d. 1917)
• 1833 – William Corby, American priest (d. 1897)
• 1847 – Paul von Hindenburg, Prussian-German field marshal and politician, 2nd President of Germany (d. 1934)
• 1851 – Ferdinand Foch, French soldier (d. 1929)
• 1852 – William Ramsay, Scottish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1916)
• 1869 – Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Indian activist and philosopher (d. 1948)
• 1871 – Cordell Hull, American politician, 47th United States Secretary of State, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1955)
• 1871 – Martha Brookes Hutcheson, American landscaper and author (d. 1959)
• 1873 – Stephen Warfield Gambrill, American politician (d. 1924)
• 1873 – Plum Warner, English cricketer (d. 1963)
• 1879 – Wallace Stevens, American poet (d. 1955)
• 1882 – Boris Shaposhnikov, Russian military commander (d. 1945)
• 1883 – Lesley Ashburner, American hurdler (d. 1950)
• 1883 – Karl von Terzaghi, Austrian-American engineer and geologist (d. 1963)
• 1890 – Groucho Marx, American comedian and actor (d. 1977)
• 1893 – Leroy Shield, American composer (d. 1962)
• 1895 – Bud Abbott, American comedian and actor (d. 1974)
• 1895 – Ruth Cheney Streeter, American military officer (d. 1990)
• 1901 – Alice Prin, French singer, actress, and painter (d. 1953)
• 1902 – John G. Crommelin, American navy officer and white supremacist (d. 1996)
• 1902 – Leopold Figl, Austrian politician, 18th Chancellor of Austria (d. 1965)
• 1904 – Graham Greene, English author, playwright, and critic (d. 1991)
• 1904 – Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indian politician, 2nd Prime Minister of India (d. 1966)
• 1905 * 1905 – Franjo Šeper, Croatian cardinal (d. 1981)
• 1907 – Víctor Paz Estenssoro, Bolivian politician, President of Bolivia (d. 2001)
• 1907 – Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd, Scottish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997)
• 1911 – Jack Finney, American author (d. 1995)
• 1913 – Karl Miller, German footballer (d. 1967)
• 1914 – John Whiteside Parsons, American scientist, author, and occultist (d. 1952)
• 1914 – Bernarr Rainbow, English historian and conductor (d. 1998)
• 1915 – Chubby Wise, American fiddler (d. 1996)
• 1917 – Christian de Duve, English biologist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1917 – Charles Drake, American actor (d. 1994)
• 1919 – John W. Duarte, English composer and guitarist (d. 2004)
• 1919 – Jan Flinterman, Dutch race car driver (d. 1992)
• 1920 – Albert Renaud, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2012)
• 1921 – Albert Scott Crossfield, American pilot (d. 2006)
• 1921 – Robert Runcie, English archbishop (d. 2000)
• 1925 – Wren Blair, Canadian ice hockey coach (d. 2013)
• 1926 – Jan Morris, Welsh historian and author
• 1928 – George McFarland, American actor (d. 1993)
• 1928 – Wolfhart Pannenberg, German theologian
• 1929 – Peter Bronfman, Canadian businessman (d. 1996)
• 1929 – Moses Gunn, American actor (d. 1993)
• 1929 – Cesare Maestri, Italian mountaineer
• 1929 – Howard Roberts, American guitarist (d. 1992)
• 1930 – Dave Barrett, Canadian politician, 26th Premier of British Columbia
• 1932 – Maury Wills, American baseball player
• 1933 – Dave Somerville, Canadian singer and actor (The Diamonds)
• 1933 – John Gurdon, English biologist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1933 – Michel Plasson, French conductor
• 1933 – Phill Niblock, American composer and director
• 1934 – Earl Wilson, American baseball player (d. 2005)
• 1935 – Omar Sívori, Argentine footballer and manager (d. 2005)
• 1935 – Peter Frankl, Hungarian-English pianist
• 1936 – Dick Barnett, American basketball player
• 1936 – Feliciano Belmonte, Jr., Filipino politician
• 1937 – Johnnie Cochran, American lawyer (d. 2005)
• 1938 – Waheed Murad, Pakistani actor and director (d. 1983)
• 1938 – Rex Reed, American actor and critic
• 1940 – Gheorghe Gruia, Romanian handball player
• 1940 – Pantelis Voulgaris, Greek director and screenwriter
• 1941 – Zareh Baronian, Armenian theologian
• 1942 – Steve Sabol, American director and producer, co-founded NFL Films (d. 2012)
• 1943 – Franklin Rosemont, American poet, painter, and historian (d. 2009)
• 1945 – Don McLean, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1946 – Sonthi Boonyaratglin, Thai military officer and politician
• 1946 – Marie-Georges Pascal, French actress (d. 1985)
• 1946 – Eric Peterson, Canadian actor
• 1946 – Jo-El Sonnier, American singer-songwriter and accordionist
• 1948 – Trevor Brooking, English footballer
• 1948 – Avery Brooks, American actor
• 1948 – Donna Karan, American fashion designer, founded DKNY
• 1948 – Chris LeDoux, American singer-songwriter and rodeo performer (d. 2005)
• 1948 – Siim Kallas, Estonian politician, 13th Prime Minister of Estonia
• 1949 – Richard Hell, American singer-songwriter and bass player (Television, Neon Boys, The Heartbreakers, and Dim Stars)
• 1949 – Annie Leibovitz, American photographer
• 1950 – Persis Khambatta, Indian actress (d. 1998)
• 1950 – Ian McNeice, English actor
• 1950 – Mike Rutherford, English singer-songwriter and bass player (Genesis and Mike + The Mechanics)
• 1951 – Sting, English singer-songwriter, bass player, and actor (The Police)
• 1951 – Romina Power, American-Italian singer and actress
• 1952 – Robin Riker, American actress
• 1952 – Jan Švejnar, Czech-American economist and politician
• 1952 – Wahed Wafa, Afghan-American singer
• 1953 – Vanessa Bell Armstrong, American singer
• 1954 – Lorraine Bracco, American actress
• 1955 – Philip Oakey, English singer-songwriter and producer (The Human League)
• 1956 – Charlie Adler, American voice actor
• 1956 – Freddie Jackson, American singer
• 1957 – Wade Dooley, English rugby player
• 1957 – Dave Faulkner, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Victims, The Manikins, and Hoodoo Gurus)
• 1957 – Kate St John, English singer-songwriter and producer (The Dream Academy)
• 1958 – Wayne Toups, Cajun singer-songwriter and accordionist
• 1960 – Glenn Anderson, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1960 – Django Bates, English composer and musician
• 1960 – Al Connelly, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (Glass Tiger)
• 1960 – Johan Lammerts, Dutch cyclist
• 1960 – Robbie Nevil, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1960 – Lothar Schlapp, German footballer
• 1960 – Dereck Whittenburg, American basketball player and coach
• 1961 – Jaan Toomik, Estonian artist and filmmaker
• 1962 – Sigtryggur Baldursson, Icelandic singer and drummer (The Sugarcubes, Þeyr, KUKL, Reptile Palace Orchestra)
• 1962 – Jeff Bennett, American voice actor and singer
• 1962 – El Dandy, Mexican wrestler
• 1962 – James Hunter, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1962 – Aziz M. Osman, Malaysian actor and director
• 1962 – Mark Rypien, American football player
• 1964 – Sam Bockarie, Sierra Leonean Civil War leader (d. 2003)
• 1964 – Dirk Brinkmann, German field hockey player
• 1966 – Yokozuna, American wrestler (d. 2000)
• 1967 – Frankie Fredericks, Namibian runner
• 1967 – Bud Gaugh, American drummer (Sublime, Long Beach Dub Allstars, Eyes Adrift, Volcano, and Sublime with Rome)
• 1967 – Thomas Muster, Austrian tennis player
• 1967 – Lew Temple, American actor
• 1967 – Gillian Welch, American singer-songwriter
• 1968 – Victoria Derbyshire, English journalist and radio host
• 1968 – Jeff Martin, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (The Tea Party and Jeff Martin 777)
• 1968 – Jana Novotná, Czech tennis player
• 1968 – Glen Wesley, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1968 – Kelly Willis, American singer-songwriter
• 1969 – Jun Akiyama, Japanese wrestler
• 1969 – Badly Drawn Boy, English singer-songwriter
• 1969 – Mitch English, American actor
• 1970 – Eddie Guardado, American baseball player
• 1970 – Patricia O'Callaghan, Canadian soprano
• 1970 – Kelly Ripa, American actress, talk show host, and producer
• 1970 – Maribel Verdú, Spanish actress
• 1971 – Tiffany, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1971 – Jim Root, American guitarist and songwriter (Slipknot and Stone Sour)
• 1972 – Tara Dawn Holland, American model Miss America 1997
• 1972 – Aaron McKie, American basketball player
• 1973 – Melissa Harris-Perry, American author and television host
• 1973 – Proof, American rapper and actor (D12) (d. 2006)
• 1973 – Lene Nystrøm, Norwegian singer-songwriter and actress (Aqua)
• 1973 – Efren Ramirez, American actor
• 1973 – Scott Schoeneweis, American baseball player
• 1973 – Verka Serduchka, Ukrainian entertainer
• 1973 – Maria Wetterstrand, Swedish politician
• 1974 – Adel Ferdosipour, Iranian journalist and sportscaster
• 1974 – Simon Gregson, English actor
• 1974 – Brian Knight, American baseball umpire
• 1974 – Michelle Krusiec, American actress
• 1974 – Mark Porter, New Zealand race car driver (d. 2006)
• 1974 – Sam Roberts, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1974 – Paul Teutul, Jr., American motorcycle designer, co-founded Orange County Choppers
• 1974 – Kevin Van De Wege, American firefighter and politician
• 1975 – Hrysopiyi Devetzi, Greek triple jumper
• 1975 – Argyro Strataki, Greek heptathlete
• 1975 – Michel Trudeau, Canadian son of Pierre Trudeau (d. 1998)
• 1976 – Mandisa, American singer
• 1976 – Anita Kulcsár, Hungarian handball player (d. 2005)
• 1976 – John Thornton, American football player
• 1978 – Ayumi Hamasaki, Japanese singer-songwriter and actress
• 1979 – Primož Brezec, Slovenian basketball player
• 1979 – Arta Dobroshi, Albanian actress
• 1979 – Francisco Fonseca, Mexican footballer
• 1979 – Maja Ivarsson, Swedish singer-songwriter (The Sounds)
• 1980 – Shane Andrus, American football player
• 1981 – Santi Kolk, Dutch footballer
• 1981 – Luke Wilkshire, Australian footballer
• 1982 – Tyson Chandler, American basketball player
• 1982 – Amber Lee Ettinger, American actress and singer
• 1982 – George Pettit, Canadian singer-songwriter and bass player (Alexisonfire and Black Lungs)
• 1984 – Marion Bartoli, French tennis player
• 1985 – Buster Davis, American football player
• 1985 – Brandon Jackson, American football player
• 1986 – Camilla Belle, American actress
• 1987 – Bojana Bobusic, Australian tennis player
• 1987 – Joe Ingles, Australian basketball player
• 1987 – Phil Kessel, American ice hockey player
• 1987 – Joel Reinders, American football player
• 1987 – Ricky Stenhouse, Jr., American race car driver
• 1990 – Samantha Barks, Irish-English singer and actress
• 1990 – Dean Bouzanis, Australian footballer
• 1993 – Luke Thomas, Welsh chef
• 1993 – Aaro Vainio, Finnish race car driver
• 1994 – Joana Eidukonytė, Lithuanian tennis player

Deaths

• 534 – Athalaric, Italian king (b. 516)
• 939 – Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine (b. 890)
• 1559 – Jacquet of Mantua, French composer (b. 1483)
• 1626 – Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, 1st Count of Gondomar, Spanish diplomat (b. 1567)
• 1629 – Pierre de Bérulle, French cardinal (b. 1575)
• 1629 – Antonio Cifra, Italian composer (b. 1584)
• 1685 – David Teniers III, Flemish painter (b. 1638)
• 1708 – Anne Jules de Noailles, French general (b. 1650)
• 1709 – Ivan Mazepa, Ukrainian military officer (b. 1639)
• 1724 – François-Timoléon de Choisy, French author (b. 1644)
• 1746 – Josiah Burchett, English admiral (b. 1666)
• 1764 – William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1720)
• 1775 – Chiyo-ni, Japanese poet (b. 1703)
• 1780 – John André, English army officer (b. 1750)
• 1782 – Charles Lee, English-American general (b. 1732)
• 1786 – Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel, English admiral (b. 1725)
• 1803 – Samuel Adams, American politician, 4th Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1722)
• 1804 – Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, French engineer (b. 1725)
• 1817 – Fyodor Fyodorovich Ushakov, Russian admiral (b. 1744)
• 1850 – Sarah Biffen, English painter (b. 1784)
• 1853 – François Jean Dominique Arago, French mathematician (b. 1786)
• 1920 – Max Bruch, German composer and conductor (b. 1838)
• 1927 – Svante Arrhenius, Swedish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1859)
• 1938 – Alexandru Averescu, Romanian soldier and politician (b. 1859)
• 1947 – Peter D. Ouspensky, Russian mathematician and philosopher (b. 1878)
• 1955 – William Orthwein, American swimmer and water polo player (b. 1881)
• 1962 – Boris Y. Bukreev, Russian mathematician (b. 1859)
• 1968 – Marcel Duchamp, French painter and sculpture (b. 1887)
• 1971 – Bola de Nieve, Cuban singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1911)
• 1973 – Paul Hartman, American actor (b. 1904)
• 1973 – Paavo Nurmi, Finnish runner (b. 1897)
• 1974 – Vasily Shukshin, Russian actor, screenwriter, and director (b. 1929)
• 1975 – K. Kamaraj, Indian politician (b. 1903)
• 1981 – Harry Golden, American journalist (b. 1902)
• 1981 – Hazel Scott, Trinidadian singer and actress (b. 1920)
• 1985 – Rock Hudson, American actor (b. 1925)
• 1987 – Madeleine Carroll, English actress (b. 1906)
• 1987 – Peter Medawar, Brazilian-English biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1915)
• 1988 – Alec Issigonis, Greek-English car designer, developer of the Mini (b. 1906)
• 1991 – Patriarch Demetrios I of Constantinople (b. 1914)
• 1994 – Harriet Hilliard Nelson, American actress (b. 1909)
• 1996 – Robert Bourassa, Canadian politician, 22nd Premier of Quebec (b. 1933)
• 1996 – Andrey Lukanov, Bulgarian politician (b. 1938)
• 1998 – Gene Autry, American singer and actor (b. 1907)
• 1998 – Olivier Gendebien, Belgian race car driver (b. 1924)
• 1999 – Heinz G. Konsalik, German novelist (b. 1921)
• 2001 – Franz Biebl, German composer (b. 1906)
• 2002 – Heinz von Foerster, Austrian-American physicist and philosopher (b. 1911)
• 2003 – John Thomas Dunlop, American administrator and scholar (b. 1914)
• 2005 – Bert Eriksson, Belgian activist (b. 1931)
• 2005 – Nipsey Russell, American comedian and actor (b. 1918)
• 2005 – August Wilson, American playwright (b. 1945)
• 2006 – Helen Chenoweth-Hage, American politician (b. 1938)
• 2006 – Tamara Dobson, American actress (b. 1947)
• 2006 – Paul Halmos, Hungarian-American mathematician (b. 1916)
• 2006 – Charles Carl Roberts, American murderer (b. 1973)
• 2007 – Tex Coulter, American football player (b. 1924)
• 2007 – Christopher Derrick, English author (b. 1921)
• 2007 – Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark (b. 1913)
• 2007 – Dan Keating, Irish politician (b. 1902)
• 2007 – Tawn Mastrey, American radio host and producer (b. 1954)
• 2008 – Rob Guest, English-Australian actor and singer (b. 1950)
• 2008 – Choi Jin-sil, South Korean actress (b. 1968)
• 2010 – Kwa Geok Choo, Singaporean wife of Lee Kuan Yew (b. 1920)
• 2011 – Peter L. Benson, American psychologist (b. 1946)
• 2012 – Nguyen Chi Thien, Vietnamese poet (b. 1939)
• 2012 – Mohammed Mushaima, Bahraini activist (b. 1988)
• 2012 – Charles Roach, Trinidadian-Canadian lawyer (b. 1933)
• 2012 – J. Philippe Rushton, Canadian academic and theorist (b. 1943)
• 2012 – Big Jim Sullivan, English guitarist (James Last Orchestra) (b. 1941)

Holidays and observances

• Batik Day (Indonesia)
• Christian Feast Day:
  • Feast of the Guardian Angels
  • Leodegar
  • October 2 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

• Gandhi's birthday-related observances:
  • Gandhi Jayanti (India)
  • International Day of Non-Violence (International)
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Guinea from France in 1958.
• Mehregan, according to Iranian civil calendar. (Iran)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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